دفع المُعَارِض العقلي في السُّنَّة النبوية دراسة تطبيقية على حديث (فَقْء موسى - عليه السلام – لعين ملک الموت )

عنوان المقالة [English]

Repelling the mental objection in the Sunnah of the Prophet, an applied study on the hadith (The betrayal of Moses - peace be upon him - the eye of the angel of death).

المؤلفون [English]

Dr.. Salwa Mahmoud Mohamed Hussein .

Lecturer in the Department of Hadith and its Sciences - College of Islamic and Arabic Girls in Cairo - Al-Azhar University.

المستخلص [English]

Abstract:

This study deals with the relationship between the mind and the jurisprudence in Islam and how Islam assigns an important role for the mind. It is one of the five necessities of life that have to be preserved and the tool that receives orders from Allah. Once a person loses his/her ability to reason using the mind, Allah’s orders no longer apply to this individual. However, the mind comes second to Islamic Jurisprudence. The mind’s role is only to examine what has been ordained in the jurisprudence. An individual’s mind investigates and analyzes what is mentioned in the Islamic Jurisprudence based on its rules and the obligatory science Allah has provided that person with.

The study moves on to man boasting of his mind and giving it precedence over jurisprudence; a movement which was initiated by an Islamic party called Al-Moatazilah (The Separatists) who started in the Followers period.  This was followed by the movement of Orientalism which took interest in the study of Islamic sciences generally and Sunnah specifically. One school of Orientalism, the Mind Supporters School, found evidence in Al-Moatazilah’s methodology to support their ill-intended purposes. Consequently, they adopted that methodology and followed the same path in fighting the Prophet’s Sunnah. Mind Supporters School used their minds with their limited reasoning powers to object to what has been mentioned in Sunnah saying that it contradicts with reason.

The study then shifts to tackling the prime Mind Supporters’ arguments concerning Sunnah and objectively examines them. One of these arguments states that mind has existed before Sunnah, so how can a science that came later in time gain power over a tool that has pre-existed? Another one is that the Prophet’s Sunnah is no other than the result of the mind’s interaction with the contemporary period and events happening at that time only.

The study later develops to the practical section in which one hadith is examined. Such a hadith is considered by the Mind Supporters School to conflict with reason in form and content. It is the hadith in which Moses (peace be upon him) stabs the Angel of Death in his eye. They seek evidence in some arguments to support their ill-informed opinion, saying that this hadith does not conform logically to Allah, His messengers or His Angels.

The study ends by stating the most important results clarified by this research and the most necessary recommendations in such a field .

الکلمات الرئيسية [English]

(Sharia) (reason) (five necessities) (angel of death) (Moses, peace be upon him) (prophetic sunnah) (the basis of assignment).